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There is nothing worse than getting miles away from civilization and encountering an emergency you are not prepared for.  Whether you’re lost with no food, caught in an unexpected rain, or in pain from poor footwear, hiking without the right equipment is never a fun experience.

Your gear will vary depending on what type of hiking adventure you are planning, but whether you’re backpacking the Appalachian Trail or planning a day hike with your family, there are some pieces of hiking gear you should never forget.

First, you need a rugged hiking backpack to comfortably hold the rest of your gear.  A small day pack may be all you need if most of your hikes are short and you seldom plan to stay overnight.  If you are planning longer hiking trips, look for a backpack that fits comfortably with plenty of compartments and enough room for all your food and equipment.

Proper footwear is another essential piece of hiking gear, regardless of where and how long you are hiking.  Select hiking boots or shoes that are designed for the type of terrain you will most often be hiking and make sure they are a comfortable fit.  Wear high quality hiking socks as well, designed for the specific climate you are in and cushioned for extra support.  For a more precise fit, buy your hiking socks first and wear them to shop for your hiking boots.

Always have a map of the area you are hiking, as well as a compass.  The Coleman digital compass is great for backcountry hiking.  Trail maps are typically available at the ranger station for most state and national hiking trail systems.

Food and water is a must, no matter how long you are hiking.  Long hikes require at least one gallon of water per person each day, while 32 ounces of water per person is usually adequate on shorter hikes.  Bring along plenty of calorie rich snacks, like jerky and trail mix, for all your hikes and pack an extra day’s supply of food for overnight hikes.  It’s a good idea to bring enough food for both lunch and dinner on your day hikes, just in case things take longer than planned.

You will also want a first aid kit with you on all your hiking trips.  Unless you are hiking in extreme conditions, you will just want the basics for insect bites, minor scrapes, blisters, thorns, and other common trail ailments.  Sunscreen, lip balm, and insect repellant should also be included in your hiking first aid bag.

Never start out on a hiking trip without rain gear and extra clothing, especially in areas with very unpredictable weather.  A lightweight rain jacket with a hood is perfect if you get caught in the rain.  An emergency shelter may be a necessity for extreme weather hiking and an emergency blanket is a must if you’re hiking in the winter.

Another essential piece of hiking equipment that you shouldn’t forget is a small flashlight.  Flashlights are crucial for long hikes when you need to find your way around camp, but they can prove to be handy on day hikes as well if you are still hiking at sunset.

Make sure everyone you are hiking with has a whistle for emergencies.  Other hiking gear you should bring on every trip is some sort of fire starter, along with wind and rain resistant matches, and a multi-purpose knife.  

These are the most basic essentials for any hiking trip.  Longer trips will require additional gear, as will extreme weather hikes.  You may want additional gear, depending on your hike and your interests, like binoculars, a hiking pole, or a trail guide.

There are two different kinds of camping trips; ones that are a day trip and ones that you stay overnight.  If you plan on staying overnight in the woods, than you'll definitely need camping gear.  There are many helpful hunting camping supplies that should be bought to make your trip easier.  Most of these hunting camping supplies can be picked up at local outdoor recreation stores.  

The first thing that you should pick up is your tent.  Unless you're doing your hunting in a very dry and very safe area, you'll want to sleep in a tent at night.  Tents ware hunting camping supplies that can be set up and taken down fairly easily.  They are also water resistant just in case it rains.  Essentially, tents are just a canvas dome and have no padding, so be prepared to sleep on a very hard surface.  This is the most important thing you should buy.  Of course, you can't just sleep in a tent.  You'll need a sleeping bag, too.  Be sure to pick up a sleeping bag that is made to fit your body type.  If you're a big guy, then you might want to splurge on a double sized sleeping bag.  After all, sleeping bags are hunting camping supplies that get zipped up around you.  If you are prone to claustrophobia, you'll want get a sleeping bag that is big enough for you to be comfortable in.  Also, the quality of sleeping bags varies greatly depending on price.  The cheapest sleeping bags aren't very comfortable at all.  If you are interested in having a comfortable night's sleep, then you should spend the extra bit of money.  

There are other hunting camping supplies that can be helpful as well.  You should always carry a utility knife with you on these expeditions.  These can be useful for many different tasks.  You can use a utility knife to cut up wood to make a fire.  You can use it to cut opening packaging or any other thing.  They are called utility knives because they are very useful and can be used in many different ways.  If you are going to only bring one thing with you on your trip, it should be the utility knife.  If you shoot a rabbit to eat for dinner, you can use the knife to skin in before cooking it.  

The next time you plan a hunting trip that lasts many days, you should bring along these hunting camping supplies.  They will be useful during your stay in the wilderness and help you deal with the elements.

One of the most popular accessories for steam saunas is an essential oil scent bowl.  Suspended over the sauna’s heating unit, these scent bowls usually have a tiny hole in the bottom so the essential oil and water mixture can slowly drip down and release the scent into the warm, steamy air.  Not only does this create a very pleasing environment for the sauna bather, some essential oils are purported to further augment the health benefits of sauna bathing.

For instance, essential oil of eucalyptus, which is one of the most popular oils for use in saunas, is reported to have additional benefits for the respiratory system.  Commonly used in natural cough and cold remedies, eucalyptus helps to clear the bronchial passages and reduce sinus congestion.  

Another essential oil which is commonly used for respiratory problems or infections is pine.  Not only is essential oil of pine good for the lungs, it is also one of the more invigorating oils.  It is especially pleasant to help revive the sauna bather after a long, tiring day.  Also, oil of pine can help reduce the pain and inflammation of joint problems like arthritis.

Essential oil of rosemary is also especially good for relieving fatigue.  It is also considered to be a powerful general remedy for many different health conditions, and is good for boosting the bather’s sense of general well-being.

A blend that is of particular interest to women is cajeput and lemon oil.  Cajeput is a well-known muscle relaxant and antiseptic.  Essential oil of lemon is used for its bactericidal and disinfecting capabilities.  It is also considered to be a powerful restorative.  This blend is commonly thought to be ideal for use if the bather feels a cold coming on, or simply to give a boost to the immune system.

These are just a few of the wonderful scents available as accessories for saunas.

With some practice, you can become a wonderful mountain biker. Practice the techniques described in this article and you will be on your way to becoming a better biker.

Anyone who enjoys riding a bike will also enjoy the sport of mountain biking. It is a little more dangerous and adrenaline inducing, but it is quite a bit of fun and a challenge to ride the dirt trails.

If you want to practice mountain biking, then you can hone your skills around your home, school, bike paths, or even park. You may want to find a place with a steep hill so that you can practice on an incline.

Feeling Your Pedals
You want to get a feel for your pedals before you take off down a mountain. You first want to be able to move your foot away from the pedal and then replace it back on the pedal. This will take some practice to get good at, but once you master this, then you will be on your way to feeling your pedals and having more control.

Position Yourself By Learning To Sit and Spin
Sit on your bike and simply pedal around. Keep your arms a little bent and adjust the height of your seat to make sure that your legs are at least 70% extended when you pedal at the bottom stroke. Relax your body, so that your knees and elbows are never locked. This will enable to you feel the right position so that you will know if you are not riding correctly.

Gear Shifting
You need to learn how to shift the gears on your bike. By learning what each gear feels like, then you will learn how you should shift them to make your riding more competitive and fun. A higher gear will make it more difficult to pedal, but will allow you to go quicker, while a lower gear makes it easy to pedal and is helpful when you are climbing hills. Practicing shifting your gears will help you to learn when to shift to get maximum efficiency.

Coasting
Coasting is great fun. You need to practice coasting while standing up on your pedals. Keep your knees unlocked and your arms bent. Learn how to move your weight toward to back of your bike and get a feel for it.

Standing and Pedaling
It is important that you get comfortable with standing and pedaling on your bicycle. If you can lift yourself from the seat, then you should try cranking the pedals around a few times. Do this in both high and low gear until you become comfortable.

Dropping Down
Locate a curb that you can easily get to the top of. At a moderate speed, stand and coast from the top to the bottom of the curb. Do this using several different curb levels until you are comfortable doing this.

After you get these things where they are second nature, then you will be able to ride the mountain trails with almost no problem. With dedicated practice, you will get to where you love mountain biking and it is comfortable to you.

For basketball fans that own a personal digital assistant device, one of the most essential items that they will need to enjoy all the action on the courts for an NBA team will be the mobile services offered online by the National Basketball Association. Fans can stay connected to up-to-date information about their favorite professional basketball team, and download ringtones and wallpaper to personalize their mobile phone to show others which National Basketball Association team has their full support.

Fans can also be alerted to changes that occur everyday in the National Basketball Association through text messaging and alert systems. The National Basketball Association believes that keeping in touch is one of the essential elements that fans need to enjoy the sport of professional basketball more. Some business can be conducted at the basketball games because mobile internet access is possible with these handheld devices.

Fans can even play games on their devices as they wait for an National Basketball Association game to begin. With an internet connection, National Basketball Association fans can access photos of their favorite players and gain access to essential information about each player on any team in the National Basketball Association. They can view an up-to-date injury list to determine which National Basketball Association players will not be on the court for several weeks.

There two essential elements that fans would need to enjoy a professional game of basketball. Fans enjoy wearing ball caps of their favorite NBA franchise to show their favorite team that they have their full support. An National Basketball Association basketball fan will also be able to go online and purchase tickets for any game and in team. No fan can do without good tickets that offer great seating arrangements during the basketball season. Some families give National Basketball Association fans season tickets for Christmas.

Being able to track a National Basketball Association teams standings is another essential item that a National Basketball Association fan will need to enjoy professional basketball to the fullest. As favorite teams battle it out each week on the basketball court, fans can busy themselves at home by tracking how a victory will affect the current standings. Some players only track the statistics of their favorite players while others keep stats on everything that occurs in basketball games throughout the year.

Some fans come to realize that with one more victory under their belt, one National Basketball team will be on their way to a championship playoff. A game can get intense when two teams are battling to be the best in any particular basketball season, and fans anxiously await for certain players to score more and play better than they have been playing all year.

The National Basketball Association schedule is one of the most essential elements of NBA basketball that a fan can use repeatedly throughout the season. With an National Basketball Association schedule in hand, fans can purchases several tickets at one time, and save money by going to games that are in the same geographical area. They can follow the news updates online, and keep up with any changes that occur to the National Basketball Association schedule.

When you walk out in sunny days, there are lot of chances for damages to occur through the Ultra Violet Rays from the sun. These rays are highly hazardous for eyes. Therefore it is essential to wear sun glasses to prevent your eyes from those UV rays. Sun glasses has the potential to decrease visible light to your comfy level when the UN rays blocks your vision. High quality and branded sun glasses have the potential to block solar UVR to protect your sensitive eyes. You can buy these sun glasses even for your children.

Necessities for wearing sun glasses

• To fight against UVR

The main reason to wear sun glasses is to fight against the harmful Ultra Violet Rays that come from the sun. These rays have the power to degenerate the visibility when you straight-line look at the sun. Here you are strictly advised to use a pair of sun glasses to prevent your eyes from harmful rays. Therefore you can protect the skin around your eyes. You can be free from wrinkles and premature ageing by wearing sun glasses.

• To reduce the glare

You may face the problem of glare in all kind of surfaces like snow, water etc. These glares may cause bright reflections to the normal vision of your eyes. It will surely distract your vision. A reflection due to this glare is very dangerous for ideal vision especially while you drive as it may cause accidents sometimes. Sun glasses specially designed for fighting against this glaring. Try out “Polarized” sun glasses for effective results.

• To protect from dust

Apart from glare, eyes are mostly affected by wind, dust, debris etc. When you wear sun glasses, all the particles of wind can be blocked from entering into your eyes. These particles may cause corneal abrasion. These glasses support to maintain the moist in your eyes by keeping the tears.

• To diminish eye strains

The pupils have the stuff to control the amount light reaches your eyes through retina. If there is bright light, some times this pupil may not able to control the light flow properly. Therefore your eyes will get tired soon and it gets too strain. When you put sun glasses, you can avoid this problem and it will perform the function of controlling through light flow to the retina.

• To enhance vision

These sun glasses are very effective in improving vision by offering balanced light. Getting too much light or too low light or both are harmful for eyes.

You may realize the importance of using sun glasses now.

The article refers to the different contents of the bicycle wheels. It tries to explain the role that these important parts play in the smooth running of the wheels.

There is no better way to spend a weekend than to go on a leisurely ride on a bicycle on a quiet track in the woods. Bicycles have an old world charm about them and even in this fast-paced world has its own prominent place. Of all the parts of the bicycle, it is the bicycle wheels which are the most important ones. Bicycle wheels are the ones which carry the entire burden on them and thus need to be very carefully observed.

Types of Tires

Almost 99% of the bicycles have the clincher kind of tires. The clincher tires consist of an outer tire with a cross section which has a typical U – shape while there is another inner tube within the tire. Apart from these parts there are three key parts which create the tire. The first part is the Bead which is basically the rim of the tire. Normally, the beads contain hoops which are made up of steel wires which are very strong. The second very important part is the fabric. Tire manufacturers weave this cloth fabric between two beads to make the basic framework of the tire. The third major portion is the rubber. Rubber is used as an outer layer to the fabric. Rubber is used only after the basic framework is complete.

Apart from the clinchers, the bicycles also have wheels which are known as tubular tires. Unlike the clinchers, the tubular tires do not have any beads. In the tubular tires, the two rims of the tires are actually stitched together around the inner tube.

Other Tire Aspects

Bicycle tires have a part called traction. This traction is basically the resistance capacity of the tires which avoid skidding or slipping. Another very important aspect of bicycle wheels is the width and pressure of the bicycle wheels. The width and pressure of the wheels are inversely proportional. This implies that if the width of the wheel is greater then it has a low pressure and if the width is not very wide then it has a high pressure. Also generally, the wheels are made up of two basic types of rubber, namely natural latex rubber and butyl.

There are several other points apart form the features mentioned above. However, these are the most important features which make up the basic framework of the wheels of the bicycle and without which the wheels cannot work.

Gambling in casinos is legal at 21, in Estonia, a small country in Eastern Europe, and there are many casinos scattered throughout its 12 cities. Estonia casinos are bright, typical gaming places, with gaming tables set up in the center of the lobby, and slot machines fixed in corners or even in separate rooms. The casinos include many of the popular international games such as Blackjack, Roulette, Baccarat, and Poker, and a few offer sports betting, as well. Estonia casinos follow strict gambling rules and security regulations. They also offer a de-addiction program for customers who may have a gambling problem.

Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, has the most casinos, with 38 facilities and numerous slot machines. The Reval Casino in the Park Hotel is the largest Estonia casino, with 15 table games and 75 slot/video gaming machines. There are a number of other casinos in Tallinn, open 24 hours, including Bally's, Aladdin, Casino Mapau, the Monte Carlo, and the Metropol. Other smaller casinos such as the Olympic Casino Baltic Station, the Russian Czar, the Ulemeiste, and the Viking Club and Casino offer only slot and video gaming machines.

The Olympic Casino in Tartu has three table games and 42 slots, and the Kristiine Kasiino, also in Tartu, has 16 slots. Another popular casino is the Mirage in Parnu. This casino has 20 slots and three table games of Poker, Blackjack, and Roulette.

Many of the Estonia casinos in different towns such as Rakvere, Rapla, Keila, Poltsaama, and Valga, or in the suburbs of Tallinn, are simply known in the individual town or area as the Play-In-Casino. These casinos have various opening hours and only offer slot or video gaming machines. In addition, there are a number of slot machine Videomat casinos in various other towns including Parnu, Haapsalu, Johvi, and Narva. They are generally open from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m., and some have a bar and restaurant, happy hour, and occasional jackpots.

Estonia is one of the countries that has been selected as a stop on the Small Town Poker Baltic Championships due to its excellent gambling facilities and the number of amateur poker players here. There's a good chance of winning a seat to the Amateur Poker Championships held in Las Vegas should you win at an Estonia casino.

Let us see some etiquette a golf player has to observe while playing. Safety is primary responsibility of a player. Before making a stroke or practice swing, he has to ensure that there is no one near him or in the course of the ball.

A player who has an honor plays first, before his competitor. When a player is addressing the ball, no one should stand close to the player or in the path of the ball or near the hole. As also, no one should move or talk when the player is making a stroke. There should not be any undue delay in making a stroke.

In case a ball is lost and the player is searching for the ball, he should signal to the other players following and allow them to pass. He should not play until all the players have passed him. Once play in one hole is complete, the player should leave the putting green immediately.

In a golf course if there are more than one tournament being played, a single player should give way to the tournament. A match playing full round will get priority over any shorter matches being played.

After playing in a bunker, the player should carefully fill up any holes or footprints made while playing there. In case any turf is displaced while playing on the green, he should immediately replace it and press it firmly. As also, any damage made by the ball must be repaired. Players or caddies should make sure no damage is caused to the green or the hole while putting the bag or the flag stick. They should also be careful that they do not damage the hole or the green when pick up the ball from the hole or replace the flagstick. The flagstick should be properly replaced in the whole before the player leaves the putting green.

If golf carts are, used rules pertaining to that should be strictly followed. When a player is practicing swing, he should ensure that the tee is not damaged.

Let us see some of the definitions in the game. When once a player has taken stance and grounded the club that means he has “addressed the ball”. If the ball moves due the wind or any other reason even without the player not hitting the ball, will result the player getting a penalty. In the green, a ball is addressed when the player takes stance and grounds the club, as otherwise in hazards the ball is addressed once the player takes stance.

When a player is taking suggestions on the choice of club to be used or the stroke to be offered will be considered as an” advice”. On the other hand, if the player is checking about the position of the flagstick or the hazards or any rules of the game will not be deemed as advice.

Once the player has offered a stroke, on the tee, the ball is “in play”. It is in play until it is holed out, or lost or has been hit out of bounds or lifted or has been replaced with another ball.

The person who carries or handles the players clubs is called a “caddie’. One or more players use one caddie; but he is considered to be employed by the player whose ball is involved in play. A “forecaddie” is an outside agency, employed by the tournament committee. His role is to indicate the position of the ball to the players.

Each of these terms and definitions are linked with rules of the games also.

Whether or not you have ever personally experienced the excitement and fulfillment associated with community service, it is never too late to take it up a notch. Contemporary community service organizations offer to interested individuals the opportunity to service a community through their actions. Ranging from a simple project like a daycare service for young women professionals and their infants, to a more complex one like building the local school facilities of a village in Eastern Africa, community services are part of a global effort to assist another group of people by offering experts advice and the required set of skills.

But community service, apart from it being an alternative sentencing technique used in criminal justice, it can become a wonderful outdoor experience for those who decide to get involved. Today, some examples of community service projects include a school team cleaning the nearest park, a group of volunteers collecting much needed items such as clothes, shoes, bottle tabs and cans, canned food and packaged water for families in distress, volunteering to help the local fire or police department, taking older people out for a walk, arranging and organizing sport games for people with disabilities, or becoming a guide for blind or deaf people. Regardless of the volunteer effort you provide, outdoor community services can help people reach a better standard of living and you can be satisfied for performing something good for yourself as well for your fellow citizens.

Particularly important is outdoor community service that engages youth, often called youth service. Introduced as a methodology to strengthen young peoples' senses on civic engagement issues and nationalism, as well as assist them in meeting their educational, developmental, and social goals, youth outdoor community services are a great tool for contemporary societies to instruct children and infuse basic values. Some schools have gone to the level of requiring youngsters to perform such type of outdoor services so as to be qualified to advance to the next grade or even graduate from high school. Although this practice can become dubious in terms of its final results, its introduction was intended to make community service an effective learning tool and assist younger generations in realizing that great things in life result from a shared vision and the devotion team members experience while focusing on a cause.

If you are considering of what you should be doing with your extra time, try volunteering for an outdoor community service. Apart from helping those less fortunate than yourself, you will be gaining valuable experience and increasing the impact of your role in society. For your kids, consider taking community service to a new height by offering them the opportunity of adventure-based outdoor education and experimental education activities with other urban or rural youth members. Socialization, interaction, exchange and personal development are some of the positive outcomes of such a practice. Do not think it twice. Check your local community service association's projects and enlist yourself and your child. At the end of the day you will be extremely glad you did.